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The Sea Dogs were English pirates at the time of Elizabeth I of England and were also known as Elizabethan Pirates.〔''English/British naval history to 1815: a guide to the literature'' Eugene L. Rasor p.247 ()〕 They were active from 1560 to 1605 and had permission by Queen Elizabeth I to deal in acts of piracy and to attack the Spanish, as they commonly did, despite at times when they were not at war with them. They were able to do this because of the permission and because of the official document named Letters of Marque〔(''Elizabethan Sea Dogs 1560-1605'' Angus Konstam, Angus McBride )〕 In the 1560s, John Hawkins was an important figure in the Sea Dogs and mainly engaged in attacks on Spanish shipping in the Caribbean.〔(''United States history to 1877'' Nelson Klose, Robert F. Jones p.17 )〕 The Sea Dogs would also engage in slave trade from Africa.〔 Sir John Hawkins was known as the pioneer of the British Slave trade because he was the first to complete the triangular trade, making a profit at each end. He was not the first to bring slaves back to England from Africa. Sir Francis Drake was also a member of the Sea Dogs and engaged in the raiding of Spanish shipping as far as modern day San Francisco on the Pacific coast. On his most famous voyage he sailed into the Pacific Ocean to raid unguarded Spanish shipping on the Pacific coast. His return to England completed the second circumnavigation of the globe.〔 Other Sea Dogs were Walter Raleigh, Thomas Cavendish, Humphrey Gilbert and Martin Frobisher.〔(''Elizabethan Sea Dogs 1560-1605'' Angus Konstam, Angus McBride p.3 )〕 In 1588, Francis Drake, John Hawkins, Walter Raleigh and Martin Frobisher were all a part of the defeat of the Spanish Armada. After 1604, when peace was made with Spain, many Sea Dogs continued their piratical activities by finding employment in the Barbary States, giving rise to Anglo-Turkish piracy, to the embarrassment of the English Crown.〔''Sick economies: drama, mercantilism, and disease in Shakespeare's England'' Jonathan Gil Harris p.152''ff'' ()〕〔''Mimesis and Empire: The New World, Islam, and European Identities'' Barbara Fuchs p.121 ()〕 ==See also== * Sea Beggars 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sea Dogs」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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